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Some Features of the Development of AMD and Other Diseases of the Posterior Pole Associated with the Virus Carrier and the Novel Coronavirus Disease COVID-19

Received: 16 August 2021     Accepted: 7 September 2021     Published: 27 September 2021
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Abstract

This article highlights main aspects of pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and the connection between SARS-CoV-2 and diseases of the posterior pole of the eyes. Background: A novel coronavirus disease COVID-19 is actual nowadays due to its multiple organ damage, including eye tissues. Retina is also a target organ. AMD is the most common cause of central vision loss and its development is connected not only with ageing, but also with some other factors. Last years ophthalmological community considers virus infection to be a predictor and trigger for developing of AMD. Objective: Several theories have been proposed for the development of AMD. The most common theories are vascular due to pathogenetically significant decrease in blood flow in the pool of the carotid arteries; metabolic disorders (systemic and local); oxidative stress in endothelial cells; hereditary predisposition. Inflammation as a pathogenetic mechanism appeared in a novel light of discoveries in developing of not only AMD, but also some other eye diseases. The connection between SARS-CoV-2 and diseases of the posterior pole known nowadays are conjunctivitis, central retinal vein occlusion, isolated inflammatory optic neuritis, acute bilateral demyelinating optic neuritis. Thus, the question is still open. Conclusion: no single theory of the development of AMD can absolutely explain the diversity of pathological changes in of the retina and choroid tissues. Further study of the role of each factor of pathogenesis– from molecular to tissue will allow the development of fundamentally novel and perspective directions of AMD therapy.

Published in International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medical Sciences (Volume 7, Issue 5)
DOI 10.11648/j.ijcems.20210705.11
Page(s) 127-137
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Age-related Macular Degeneration, COVID-19, Virus Infection

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    Sergey Aleksandrovich Ignatiev, Igor’ Borisovich Alekseev, Sergey Petrovich Kazakov, Yuliya Arkadievna Nam, Aleksandr Ivanovich Listratov. (2021). Some Features of the Development of AMD and Other Diseases of the Posterior Pole Associated with the Virus Carrier and the Novel Coronavirus Disease COVID-19. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medical Sciences, 7(5), 127-137. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcems.20210705.11

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    ACS Style

    Sergey Aleksandrovich Ignatiev; Igor’ Borisovich Alekseev; Sergey Petrovich Kazakov; Yuliya Arkadievna Nam; Aleksandr Ivanovich Listratov. Some Features of the Development of AMD and Other Diseases of the Posterior Pole Associated with the Virus Carrier and the Novel Coronavirus Disease COVID-19. Int. J. Clin. Exp. Med. Sci. 2021, 7(5), 127-137. doi: 10.11648/j.ijcems.20210705.11

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    AMA Style

    Sergey Aleksandrovich Ignatiev, Igor’ Borisovich Alekseev, Sergey Petrovich Kazakov, Yuliya Arkadievna Nam, Aleksandr Ivanovich Listratov. Some Features of the Development of AMD and Other Diseases of the Posterior Pole Associated with the Virus Carrier and the Novel Coronavirus Disease COVID-19. Int J Clin Exp Med Sci. 2021;7(5):127-137. doi: 10.11648/j.ijcems.20210705.11

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ijcems.20210705.11,
      author = {Sergey Aleksandrovich Ignatiev and Igor’ Borisovich Alekseev and Sergey Petrovich Kazakov and Yuliya Arkadievna Nam and Aleksandr Ivanovich Listratov},
      title = {Some Features of the Development of AMD and Other Diseases of the Posterior Pole Associated with the Virus Carrier and the Novel Coronavirus Disease COVID-19},
      journal = {International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medical Sciences},
      volume = {7},
      number = {5},
      pages = {127-137},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ijcems.20210705.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcems.20210705.11},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijcems.20210705.11},
      abstract = {This article highlights main aspects of pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and the connection between SARS-CoV-2 and diseases of the posterior pole of the eyes. Background: A novel coronavirus disease COVID-19 is actual nowadays due to its multiple organ damage, including eye tissues. Retina is also a target organ. AMD is the most common cause of central vision loss and its development is connected not only with ageing, but also with some other factors. Last years ophthalmological community considers virus infection to be a predictor and trigger for developing of AMD. Objective: Several theories have been proposed for the development of AMD. The most common theories are vascular due to pathogenetically significant decrease in blood flow in the pool of the carotid arteries; metabolic disorders (systemic and local); oxidative stress in endothelial cells; hereditary predisposition. Inflammation as a pathogenetic mechanism appeared in a novel light of discoveries in developing of not only AMD, but also some other eye diseases. The connection between SARS-CoV-2 and diseases of the posterior pole known nowadays are conjunctivitis, central retinal vein occlusion, isolated inflammatory optic neuritis, acute bilateral demyelinating optic neuritis. Thus, the question is still open. Conclusion: no single theory of the development of AMD can absolutely explain the diversity of pathological changes in of the retina and choroid tissues. Further study of the role of each factor of pathogenesis– from molecular to tissue will allow the development of fundamentally novel and perspective directions of AMD therapy.},
     year = {2021}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Some Features of the Development of AMD and Other Diseases of the Posterior Pole Associated with the Virus Carrier and the Novel Coronavirus Disease COVID-19
    AU  - Sergey Aleksandrovich Ignatiev
    AU  - Igor’ Borisovich Alekseev
    AU  - Sergey Petrovich Kazakov
    AU  - Yuliya Arkadievna Nam
    AU  - Aleksandr Ivanovich Listratov
    Y1  - 2021/09/27
    PY  - 2021
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcems.20210705.11
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ijcems.20210705.11
    T2  - International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medical Sciences
    JF  - International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medical Sciences
    JO  - International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medical Sciences
    SP  - 127
    EP  - 137
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2469-8032
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcems.20210705.11
    AB  - This article highlights main aspects of pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and the connection between SARS-CoV-2 and diseases of the posterior pole of the eyes. Background: A novel coronavirus disease COVID-19 is actual nowadays due to its multiple organ damage, including eye tissues. Retina is also a target organ. AMD is the most common cause of central vision loss and its development is connected not only with ageing, but also with some other factors. Last years ophthalmological community considers virus infection to be a predictor and trigger for developing of AMD. Objective: Several theories have been proposed for the development of AMD. The most common theories are vascular due to pathogenetically significant decrease in blood flow in the pool of the carotid arteries; metabolic disorders (systemic and local); oxidative stress in endothelial cells; hereditary predisposition. Inflammation as a pathogenetic mechanism appeared in a novel light of discoveries in developing of not only AMD, but also some other eye diseases. The connection between SARS-CoV-2 and diseases of the posterior pole known nowadays are conjunctivitis, central retinal vein occlusion, isolated inflammatory optic neuritis, acute bilateral demyelinating optic neuritis. Thus, the question is still open. Conclusion: no single theory of the development of AMD can absolutely explain the diversity of pathological changes in of the retina and choroid tissues. Further study of the role of each factor of pathogenesis– from molecular to tissue will allow the development of fundamentally novel and perspective directions of AMD therapy.
    VL  - 7
    IS  - 5
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Consulting Department, City Clinical Hospital Named by S. P. Botkin, Department of Health, Moscow, Russian Federation

  • State Clinical Hospital Named by S. P. Botkin, Moscow City Ophthalmological Center, Moscow, Russian Federation

  • Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Further Professional Education Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia Federation

  • Branch №2, Federal Budgetary Institution of Healthcare, Medical Rehabilitation Centre, Ministry of Economic Development of Russia, Moscow, Russian Federation

  • Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Further Professional Education Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia Federation

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