| Peer-Reviewed

Rational Use of Antiviral Drugs Against SARS-CoV2

Received: 20 July 2021     Accepted: 9 August 2021     Published: 13 August 2021
Views:       Downloads:
Abstract

Background: In December 2019, the outbreak of infectious pneumonia caused by a novel strain of coronavirus was named 'SARS-CoV2', which appeared in Wuhan, China. The said virus is highly contagious and rapidly spread across the world. So far, there is no effective antiviral drug in clinic. Objective: To make clinicians standardize the usage of the antiviral therapies against COVID-19, worldwide. Method: According to the recommended diagnosis and treatment protocols and relevant literature reports, suggested therapeutics include α-interferon (nebulization), lopinavir/ritonavir, ribavirin (recommended in combination with α-interferon or lopinavir/ritonavir), chloroquine phosphate, and arbidol. Recommendations based on various perspectives, such as timing and duration of medication, usage and dosage, adverse reactions and corresponding monitoring indicators, interactions, combination of antiviral drugs, efficacy evaluation indicators and discharge criteria were listed. Result: Pharmacist and clinicians provides knowledge of drug therapeutics for antiviral therapy and pharmaceutical care of clinical COVID-19. Conclusion: Recommendations of rational use of antiviral drugs against SARS-CoV2 may provide a timely reference to frontline clinicians in their fight against COVID-19 pneumonia to improve the clinical cure rate.

Published in International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medical Sciences (Volume 7, Issue 4)
DOI 10.11648/j.ijcems.20210704.18
Page(s) 115-119
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

COVID-19, Antiviral Drugs, SARS-CoV2

References
[1] China National Health Commission. Diagnosis and Treatment Guidelines for the New Coronavirus Infected Pneumonia (sixth update). http://www.nhc.gov.cn/yzygj/s7653p/202002/8334a8326dd94d329df351d7da8aefc2.shtml. Accessed 18 February 2020.
[2] Jiang H, et al: The possibility of using Lopinave/Litonawe (LPV/r) as treatment for novel coronavirus SARS-CoV2 pneumonia: a quick systematic review based on earlier coronavirus clinical studies. Chin. J. Emerg. Med. 29: 182-186 (2020).
[3] Cheng V, Lau S, Woo P and Yuen K: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus as an agent of emerging and reemerging infection. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 20: 660–694 (2007). doi: 10.1128/CMR.00023-07.
[4] Peiris J, et al: HKU/UCH SARS Study Group. Clinical progression and viral load in a community outbreak of coronavirus-associated SARS pneumonia: a prospective study. Lancet. 361: 1767–1772. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(03)13412-5(2003).
[5] China National Health Commission, China National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine: Adjust the usage and dosage of chloroquine phosphate in the treatment of COVID-19 [S]. National health office medical letter [2020] no. 165. http://www.nhc.gov.cn/yzygj/s7653p/202002/0293d017621941f6b2a4890035243730.shtml. Accessed 26 February 2020.
[6] Shanghai Clinical Treatment Expert Group for corona virus disease 2019: Comprehensive treatment and management of corona virus disease 2019: expert consensus statement from Shanghai [J/OL]. Chin. J. Infect. Dis. 38, 2020 (2020-03-01). http://rs.yiigle.com/yufabiao/1183266.htm. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1000-6680.2020.0016.
[7] Hospital pharmacy committee of zhejiang pharmaceutical association, Zhejiang hospital pharmaceutical management quality control center: Guidance on pharmaceutical care for severe and critical patients (Trial) [EB/OL]. [2020-03-03]. http://www.zjyszk.com/TZGG/ShowContent_11606.htm?from=singlemessage.
[8] Multi-center collaboration group of guangdong provincial department of science and technology and guangdong provincial health commission on chloroquine phosphate in the treatment of new coronavirus pneumonia: Consensus of experts on the treatment of COVID-19 with chloroquine phosphate. Chin. J. Tuberc. Respir. Dis. 43: 185–188 (2020). doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1001-0939.2020.03.009.
[9] Drinevskil V, et al: Chemotherapeutics for treatment of influenza and other viral respiratory tract infections in children. Antibiot. Khimioter. 43: 29-34 (1998).
[10] Chang C, Chen K, Lai M, Chan K: Meta-analysis: ribavirin-induced haemolytic anaemia in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. 16: 1623–1632 (2002). doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2036.2002.01326.x.
[11] Knowles S, Phillips E, Dresser L, Matukas L: Common adverse events associated with the use of ribavirin for severe acute respiratory syndrome in Canada. Clin. Infect. Dis. 37: 1139–1142 (2003). doi: 10.1086/378304.
[12] Choudhry V, Madan N, Sood S, Ghai O: Chloroquine induced haemolysis and acute renal failure in subjects with G-6-PD deficiency. Trop. Geogr. Med. 30: 331–335 (1978).
[13] Du X, et al: Open clinical trial of arbidol tablet in the treatment of naturally acquired influenza. Journal. of Cardiovascular. and Pulmonary. Diseases. 36: 518-520 (2017).
[14] Kiselev O, et al: Clinical efficacy of arbidol (umifenovir) in the therapy of influenza in adults: preliminary results of the multicenter double-blind randomized placebocontrolled study ARBITR. Ter. Arkh. 87: 88–96 (2015). doi: 10.17116/terarkh201587188-96.
[15] Cao Y: Safety and efficacy of abidol hydrochloride in the treatment of acute respiratory virus infection. Chinese. Journal. of Modern. Drug. Application. 12: 101-103 (2018).
[16] Liu Q and Wang X: Strategies for the development of drugs targeting novel coronavirus SARS-CoV2. Acta. Pharmaceutica. Sinica. 55: 181−188 (2020).
[17] Falzarano D, et al: Treatment with interferon-α2b and ribavirin improves outcome in MERS-CoV-infected rhesus macaques. Nat. Med. 19: 1313–1317 (2013). doi: 10.1038/nm.3362.
[18] Chan J, et al: Treatment With Lopinavir/Ritonavir or Interferon-β1b Improves Outcome of MERS-CoV Infection in a Nonhuman Primate Model of Common Marmoset. J. Infect. Dis. 212: 1904–1913 (2015). doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiv392.
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Naiju Zhang, Tianping Chen, Kuihua Xu, Chuanmiao Liu, Shousong Zhao, et al. (2021). Rational Use of Antiviral Drugs Against SARS-CoV2. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medical Sciences, 7(4), 115-119. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcems.20210704.18

    Copy | Download

    ACS Style

    Naiju Zhang; Tianping Chen; Kuihua Xu; Chuanmiao Liu; Shousong Zhao, et al. Rational Use of Antiviral Drugs Against SARS-CoV2. Int. J. Clin. Exp. Med. Sci. 2021, 7(4), 115-119. doi: 10.11648/j.ijcems.20210704.18

    Copy | Download

    AMA Style

    Naiju Zhang, Tianping Chen, Kuihua Xu, Chuanmiao Liu, Shousong Zhao, et al. Rational Use of Antiviral Drugs Against SARS-CoV2. Int J Clin Exp Med Sci. 2021;7(4):115-119. doi: 10.11648/j.ijcems.20210704.18

    Copy | Download

  • @article{10.11648/j.ijcems.20210704.18,
      author = {Naiju Zhang and Tianping Chen and Kuihua Xu and Chuanmiao Liu and Shousong Zhao and Wei Li},
      title = {Rational Use of Antiviral Drugs Against SARS-CoV2},
      journal = {International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medical Sciences},
      volume = {7},
      number = {4},
      pages = {115-119},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ijcems.20210704.18},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcems.20210704.18},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijcems.20210704.18},
      abstract = {Background: In December 2019, the outbreak of infectious pneumonia caused by a novel strain of coronavirus was named 'SARS-CoV2', which appeared in Wuhan, China. The said virus is highly contagious and rapidly spread across the world. So far, there is no effective antiviral drug in clinic. Objective: To make clinicians standardize the usage of the antiviral therapies against COVID-19, worldwide. Method: According to the recommended diagnosis and treatment protocols and relevant literature reports, suggested therapeutics include α-interferon (nebulization), lopinavir/ritonavir, ribavirin (recommended in combination with α-interferon or lopinavir/ritonavir), chloroquine phosphate, and arbidol. Recommendations based on various perspectives, such as timing and duration of medication, usage and dosage, adverse reactions and corresponding monitoring indicators, interactions, combination of antiviral drugs, efficacy evaluation indicators and discharge criteria were listed. Result: Pharmacist and clinicians provides knowledge of drug therapeutics for antiviral therapy and pharmaceutical care of clinical COVID-19. Conclusion: Recommendations of rational use of antiviral drugs against SARS-CoV2 may provide a timely reference to frontline clinicians in their fight against COVID-19 pneumonia to improve the clinical cure rate.},
     year = {2021}
    }
    

    Copy | Download

  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Rational Use of Antiviral Drugs Against SARS-CoV2
    AU  - Naiju Zhang
    AU  - Tianping Chen
    AU  - Kuihua Xu
    AU  - Chuanmiao Liu
    AU  - Shousong Zhao
    AU  - Wei Li
    Y1  - 2021/08/13
    PY  - 2021
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcems.20210704.18
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ijcems.20210704.18
    T2  - International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medical Sciences
    JF  - International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medical Sciences
    JO  - International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medical Sciences
    SP  - 115
    EP  - 119
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2469-8032
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcems.20210704.18
    AB  - Background: In December 2019, the outbreak of infectious pneumonia caused by a novel strain of coronavirus was named 'SARS-CoV2', which appeared in Wuhan, China. The said virus is highly contagious and rapidly spread across the world. So far, there is no effective antiviral drug in clinic. Objective: To make clinicians standardize the usage of the antiviral therapies against COVID-19, worldwide. Method: According to the recommended diagnosis and treatment protocols and relevant literature reports, suggested therapeutics include α-interferon (nebulization), lopinavir/ritonavir, ribavirin (recommended in combination with α-interferon or lopinavir/ritonavir), chloroquine phosphate, and arbidol. Recommendations based on various perspectives, such as timing and duration of medication, usage and dosage, adverse reactions and corresponding monitoring indicators, interactions, combination of antiviral drugs, efficacy evaluation indicators and discharge criteria were listed. Result: Pharmacist and clinicians provides knowledge of drug therapeutics for antiviral therapy and pharmaceutical care of clinical COVID-19. Conclusion: Recommendations of rational use of antiviral drugs against SARS-CoV2 may provide a timely reference to frontline clinicians in their fight against COVID-19 pneumonia to improve the clinical cure rate.
    VL  - 7
    IS  - 4
    ER  - 

    Copy | Download

Author Information
  • Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, P. R. China

  • Department of Cardiovascular, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, P. R. China

  • Key Laboratory of Immunology in Chronic Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China

  • Key Laboratory of Immunology in Chronic Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China

  • Key Laboratory of Immunology in Chronic Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China

  • Key Laboratory of Immunology in Chronic Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China

  • Sections