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Relation of Dietary Diversity with Anaemia Among 6-59 Months Aged Children in Burundi: A Secondary Data Analysis

Received: 14 April 2021     Accepted: 3 May 2021     Published: 4 June 2021
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Abstract

Introduction: Among the Sub-Saharan countries, Burundi has a much higher rate of anaemia in preschool going children. The aim of this paper is to find a relation of anaemia with dietary diversity of 6-59 months old children in Burundi. Method: A literature review was done using PubMed, Medline, Oxford journal database, and Google Scholar. A grey literature search was done using Google and Bing. The most recent Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data was used for analysis. Results: A total of 5469 children were included in the study. Among these 2218 (40.90%) were Not Anaemic, 1352 (24.93%) were Mild Anaemic, 1676 (30.91%) were Moderate Anaemic and, 177 (3.26%) were Severely Anaemic. The proportion of severely anaemic children is highest in 6-11 months age group and lowest in 18-23 months age group. Age has a significant effect on anaemia. The percentage of normal haemoglobin level (not anaemic) in blood is higher in female children. Children living in urban areas have improved haemoglobin levels. The model shows, every unit increase in dietary diversity will increase the possibility of a children to be in mild anaemic group than severe anaemic group by 1.26 times, to be in moderate anaemic group than severe anaemic group by 1.23 times and, to be in not anaemic group than severe anaemic group by 1.3 times. Conclusion: Higher dietary diversity is associated with improved blood haemoglobin level. In Burundi, 6-11 months aged children are highly susceptible to develop anaemia. This age is important as it is the weaning period. Special attention should be given to monitor proper weaning of children in Burundi.

Published in International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medical Sciences (Volume 7, Issue 3)
DOI 10.11648/j.ijcems.20210703.12
Page(s) 64-69
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Africa, Anaemia, Dietary Factor, Preschool Children

References
[1] WHO Global Database on Anaemia, Worldwide prevalence of anaemia 1993-2005. Available from: https://www.who.int/nutrition/publications/micronutrients/anaemia_iron_deficiency/9789241596657/en/. [Accessed 8th December 2019].
[2] Jr, R. E. S. (n. d.). The Clinical and Economic Burden of Anemia © Managed Care & Healthcare Communications, LLC, 16 (3), 59–66. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20297873/. [Accessed 28th November 2019].
[3] Weiss, G., & Goodnough, L. T. (2005). Anemia of Chronic Disease, 1011–1023. Available from: https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/nejmra041809. [Accessed 14th June 2019].
[4] Kassebaum, N. J., Jasrasaria, R., Naghavi, M., Wulf, S. K., Johns, N., Lozano, R.,… Murray, C. J. L. (2019). Plenary Paper RED CELLS, IRON, AND ERYTHROPOIESIS A systematic analysis of global anemia burden from 1990 to 2010, 123 (5), 615–625. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2013-06-508325. [Accessed 6th June 2019].
[5] Slavin, J. L., & Lloyd, B. (2012). Health benefits of fruits and vegetables. Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.), 3 (4), 506–516. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3945/an.112.002154. [Accessed 29th October 2019].
[6] Burundi food and drinks. [internet]. 2020. Available from: https://www.worldtravelguide.net/guides/africa/burundi/food-and-drink/#:~:text=Most%20food%20is%20boiled%2C%20stewed,goat)%20is%20only%20rarely%20consumed. [Accessed 19th October 2019].
[7] Forum. Countries and their cultures [internet]. 2007. Available from: https://www.everyculture.com/Bo-Co/Burundi.html. [Accessed 9th July 2019].
[8] Timeline-Burundi Profile [internet]. 2008. Available from: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-13087604. [Accessed 24th June 2019].
[9] Moschovis, P. P., Kleimola, L., & Hibberd, P. L. (2015). Household and individual risk factors for anemia in children in East Africa. Annals of Global Health, 81 (1), 227. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aogh.2015.02.1020. [Accessed 16th March 2019].
[10] Leroy, J. L., Olney, D., & Ruel, M. (2016). Tubaramure, a Food-Assisted Integrated Health and Nutrition Program in Burundi, Increases Maternal and Child Hemoglobin Concentrations and Reduces Anemia: A Theory-Based Cluster-Randomized Controlled Intervention Trial. The Journal of Nutrition, 146 (8), 1601–1608. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.115.227462. [Accessed 22nd March 2019].
[11] Brabin, B. J., Premji, Z., & Verhoeff, F. (2001). Iron-Deficiency Anemia: Reexamining the Nature and Magnitude of the Public Health Problem An Analysis of Anemia and Child Mortality 1, 2. The Journal of Nutrition, 604–615. doi: 10.1093/jn/131.2.636S. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11160595/. [Accessed 4th March 2019].
[12] Ahmed, E. (2020). Association of the daily diet with childhood stunting in Burundi. BIRDEM Medical Journal, 10 (2), 108-114. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3329/birdem.v10i2.47741. [Accessed 2nd May 2021].
[13] DHS Methodology [internet]. Available from: https://dhsprogram.com/What-We-Do/Survey-Types/DHS-Methodology.cfm. [Accessed 8th March 2019].
[14] Indicators for assessing infant and young child feeding practices – part I: definition. 2008. World Health Organization. Available from: https://www.who.int/maternal_child_adolescent/documents/9789241596664/en/. [Accessed 4th March 2019].
[15] Said-Mohamed, R., Micklesfield, L. K., Pettifor, J. M., & Norris, S. A. (2015). Has the prevalence of stunting in South African children changed in 40 years? A systematic review. BMC Public Health, 15 (1), 534. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-015-1844-9. [Accessed 24th October 2019].
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    Erfan Ahmed. (2021). Relation of Dietary Diversity with Anaemia Among 6-59 Months Aged Children in Burundi: A Secondary Data Analysis. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medical Sciences, 7(3), 64-69. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcems.20210703.12

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    ACS Style

    Erfan Ahmed. Relation of Dietary Diversity with Anaemia Among 6-59 Months Aged Children in Burundi: A Secondary Data Analysis. Int. J. Clin. Exp. Med. Sci. 2021, 7(3), 64-69. doi: 10.11648/j.ijcems.20210703.12

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    AMA Style

    Erfan Ahmed. Relation of Dietary Diversity with Anaemia Among 6-59 Months Aged Children in Burundi: A Secondary Data Analysis. Int J Clin Exp Med Sci. 2021;7(3):64-69. doi: 10.11648/j.ijcems.20210703.12

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ijcems.20210703.12,
      author = {Erfan Ahmed},
      title = {Relation of Dietary Diversity with Anaemia Among 6-59 Months Aged Children in Burundi: A Secondary Data Analysis},
      journal = {International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medical Sciences},
      volume = {7},
      number = {3},
      pages = {64-69},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ijcems.20210703.12},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcems.20210703.12},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijcems.20210703.12},
      abstract = {Introduction: Among the Sub-Saharan countries, Burundi has a much higher rate of anaemia in preschool going children. The aim of this paper is to find a relation of anaemia with dietary diversity of 6-59 months old children in Burundi. Method: A literature review was done using PubMed, Medline, Oxford journal database, and Google Scholar. A grey literature search was done using Google and Bing. The most recent Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data was used for analysis. Results: A total of 5469 children were included in the study. Among these 2218 (40.90%) were Not Anaemic, 1352 (24.93%) were Mild Anaemic, 1676 (30.91%) were Moderate Anaemic and, 177 (3.26%) were Severely Anaemic. The proportion of severely anaemic children is highest in 6-11 months age group and lowest in 18-23 months age group. Age has a significant effect on anaemia. The percentage of normal haemoglobin level (not anaemic) in blood is higher in female children. Children living in urban areas have improved haemoglobin levels. The model shows, every unit increase in dietary diversity will increase the possibility of a children to be in mild anaemic group than severe anaemic group by 1.26 times, to be in moderate anaemic group than severe anaemic group by 1.23 times and, to be in not anaemic group than severe anaemic group by 1.3 times. Conclusion: Higher dietary diversity is associated with improved blood haemoglobin level. In Burundi, 6-11 months aged children are highly susceptible to develop anaemia. This age is important as it is the weaning period. Special attention should be given to monitor proper weaning of children in Burundi.},
     year = {2021}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Relation of Dietary Diversity with Anaemia Among 6-59 Months Aged Children in Burundi: A Secondary Data Analysis
    AU  - Erfan Ahmed
    Y1  - 2021/06/04
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    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcems.20210703.12
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ijcems.20210703.12
    T2  - International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medical Sciences
    JF  - International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medical Sciences
    JO  - International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medical Sciences
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    AB  - Introduction: Among the Sub-Saharan countries, Burundi has a much higher rate of anaemia in preschool going children. The aim of this paper is to find a relation of anaemia with dietary diversity of 6-59 months old children in Burundi. Method: A literature review was done using PubMed, Medline, Oxford journal database, and Google Scholar. A grey literature search was done using Google and Bing. The most recent Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data was used for analysis. Results: A total of 5469 children were included in the study. Among these 2218 (40.90%) were Not Anaemic, 1352 (24.93%) were Mild Anaemic, 1676 (30.91%) were Moderate Anaemic and, 177 (3.26%) were Severely Anaemic. The proportion of severely anaemic children is highest in 6-11 months age group and lowest in 18-23 months age group. Age has a significant effect on anaemia. The percentage of normal haemoglobin level (not anaemic) in blood is higher in female children. Children living in urban areas have improved haemoglobin levels. The model shows, every unit increase in dietary diversity will increase the possibility of a children to be in mild anaemic group than severe anaemic group by 1.26 times, to be in moderate anaemic group than severe anaemic group by 1.23 times and, to be in not anaemic group than severe anaemic group by 1.3 times. Conclusion: Higher dietary diversity is associated with improved blood haemoglobin level. In Burundi, 6-11 months aged children are highly susceptible to develop anaemia. This age is important as it is the weaning period. Special attention should be given to monitor proper weaning of children in Burundi.
    VL  - 7
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Author Information
  • Dr. M R Khan Children Hospital and Institute of Child Health, Dhaka, Bangladesh

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