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Prevalence and Severity of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress During Pandemic of COVID-19 Among College Students in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2020 A Cross Sectional Survey

Received: 24 September 2020     Accepted: 9 October 2020     Published: 23 November 2020
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Abstract

Background: Coronaviruses are enveloped, positive, single-stranded large ribonucleic acid (RNA) viruses that infect various animals including humans which were first investigated by Tyrell and Bynoe in 1966. In Ethiopia, more than 26 million students were affected by school closures due to coronavirus surge. Objectives: The survey was aimed at assessing the prevalence and severity of depression, anxiety, and stress during the pandemic of COVID-19 among college students in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2020. Methods: An online cross-sectional survey was conducted among 153 college students in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, from April 27-May 07, 2020. A short version of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress (DAS 21) scale were used, to measure both the magnitude as well as their severity. Findings: The overall prevalence of depression was 51% (95%CI: 42.8-59.1%), of which 49%, 18.1%, 20.9%, 7.2%, and 4.6% of participants had normal, mild, moderate, severe and extremely severe depression consecutively. The overall prevalence of anxiety was 51.6% (95%CI: 43.4-59.8%), where 11%, 20.9%, 6.5%, and 13.1% of the participants had mild, moderate, severe, and extremely severe anxiety symptoms respectively. The magnitude of stress was 11.1% (95%CI: 6.6-17.2%) of which only 7.8% and 2.6% had mild and moderate stress symptoms. The odds of developing anxiety among the students with a family income of 2001-4999 birr and greater than 10,000 birr had 69.7% (AOR: 0.303; 95%CI: 0.102-0.901) and 79.5% (AOR: 0.205, 95%CI: 0.064-0.653) higher odds as those with a monthly income of less than 2000 birr. Conclusion: A higher prevalence of depression and anxiety was observed from the current study, whilst the level of stress is still higher. A higher monthly income was associated with the development of anxiety during the pandemic of COVID-19. Concerned bodies were recommended to work over the identified problems, besides; large scale study mainly focused on determinants of depression, anxiety, and stress was also emphasized.

Published in International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medical Sciences (Volume 6, Issue 6)
DOI 10.11648/j.ijcems.20200606.13
Page(s) 126-132
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2020. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Prevalence, Depression, Anxiety, Stress, COVID-19, College Students

References
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Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Addisu Tadesse Sahile, Mikiyas Ababu, Sinetsehay Alemayehu, Haymanot Abebe, Getabalew Endazenew, et al. (2020). Prevalence and Severity of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress During Pandemic of COVID-19 Among College Students in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2020 A Cross Sectional Survey. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medical Sciences, 6(6), 126-132. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcems.20200606.13

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    ACS Style

    Addisu Tadesse Sahile; Mikiyas Ababu; Sinetsehay Alemayehu; Haymanot Abebe; Getabalew Endazenew, et al. Prevalence and Severity of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress During Pandemic of COVID-19 Among College Students in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2020 A Cross Sectional Survey. Int. J. Clin. Exp. Med. Sci. 2020, 6(6), 126-132. doi: 10.11648/j.ijcems.20200606.13

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    AMA Style

    Addisu Tadesse Sahile, Mikiyas Ababu, Sinetsehay Alemayehu, Haymanot Abebe, Getabalew Endazenew, et al. Prevalence and Severity of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress During Pandemic of COVID-19 Among College Students in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2020 A Cross Sectional Survey. Int J Clin Exp Med Sci. 2020;6(6):126-132. doi: 10.11648/j.ijcems.20200606.13

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ijcems.20200606.13,
      author = {Addisu Tadesse Sahile and Mikiyas Ababu and Sinetsehay Alemayehu and Haymanot Abebe and Getabalew Endazenew and Mussie Wubshet and Hana Getachew and Tirhas Tadesse},
      title = {Prevalence and Severity of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress During Pandemic of COVID-19 Among College Students in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2020 A Cross Sectional Survey},
      journal = {International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medical Sciences},
      volume = {6},
      number = {6},
      pages = {126-132},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ijcems.20200606.13},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcems.20200606.13},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijcems.20200606.13},
      abstract = {Background: Coronaviruses are enveloped, positive, single-stranded large ribonucleic acid (RNA) viruses that infect various animals including humans which were first investigated by Tyrell and Bynoe in 1966. In Ethiopia, more than 26 million students were affected by school closures due to coronavirus surge. Objectives: The survey was aimed at assessing the prevalence and severity of depression, anxiety, and stress during the pandemic of COVID-19 among college students in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2020. Methods: An online cross-sectional survey was conducted among 153 college students in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, from April 27-May 07, 2020. A short version of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress (DAS 21) scale were used, to measure both the magnitude as well as their severity. Findings: The overall prevalence of depression was 51% (95%CI: 42.8-59.1%), of which 49%, 18.1%, 20.9%, 7.2%, and 4.6% of participants had normal, mild, moderate, severe and extremely severe depression consecutively. The overall prevalence of anxiety was 51.6% (95%CI: 43.4-59.8%), where 11%, 20.9%, 6.5%, and 13.1% of the participants had mild, moderate, severe, and extremely severe anxiety symptoms respectively. The magnitude of stress was 11.1% (95%CI: 6.6-17.2%) of which only 7.8% and 2.6% had mild and moderate stress symptoms. The odds of developing anxiety among the students with a family income of 2001-4999 birr and greater than 10,000 birr had 69.7% (AOR: 0.303; 95%CI: 0.102-0.901) and 79.5% (AOR: 0.205, 95%CI: 0.064-0.653) higher odds as those with a monthly income of less than 2000 birr. Conclusion: A higher prevalence of depression and anxiety was observed from the current study, whilst the level of stress is still higher. A higher monthly income was associated with the development of anxiety during the pandemic of COVID-19. Concerned bodies were recommended to work over the identified problems, besides; large scale study mainly focused on determinants of depression, anxiety, and stress was also emphasized.},
     year = {2020}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Prevalence and Severity of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress During Pandemic of COVID-19 Among College Students in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2020 A Cross Sectional Survey
    AU  - Addisu Tadesse Sahile
    AU  - Mikiyas Ababu
    AU  - Sinetsehay Alemayehu
    AU  - Haymanot Abebe
    AU  - Getabalew Endazenew
    AU  - Mussie Wubshet
    AU  - Hana Getachew
    AU  - Tirhas Tadesse
    Y1  - 2020/11/23
    PY  - 2020
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcems.20200606.13
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ijcems.20200606.13
    T2  - International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medical Sciences
    JF  - International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medical Sciences
    JO  - International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medical Sciences
    SP  - 126
    EP  - 132
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2469-8032
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcems.20200606.13
    AB  - Background: Coronaviruses are enveloped, positive, single-stranded large ribonucleic acid (RNA) viruses that infect various animals including humans which were first investigated by Tyrell and Bynoe in 1966. In Ethiopia, more than 26 million students were affected by school closures due to coronavirus surge. Objectives: The survey was aimed at assessing the prevalence and severity of depression, anxiety, and stress during the pandemic of COVID-19 among college students in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2020. Methods: An online cross-sectional survey was conducted among 153 college students in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, from April 27-May 07, 2020. A short version of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress (DAS 21) scale were used, to measure both the magnitude as well as their severity. Findings: The overall prevalence of depression was 51% (95%CI: 42.8-59.1%), of which 49%, 18.1%, 20.9%, 7.2%, and 4.6% of participants had normal, mild, moderate, severe and extremely severe depression consecutively. The overall prevalence of anxiety was 51.6% (95%CI: 43.4-59.8%), where 11%, 20.9%, 6.5%, and 13.1% of the participants had mild, moderate, severe, and extremely severe anxiety symptoms respectively. The magnitude of stress was 11.1% (95%CI: 6.6-17.2%) of which only 7.8% and 2.6% had mild and moderate stress symptoms. The odds of developing anxiety among the students with a family income of 2001-4999 birr and greater than 10,000 birr had 69.7% (AOR: 0.303; 95%CI: 0.102-0.901) and 79.5% (AOR: 0.205, 95%CI: 0.064-0.653) higher odds as those with a monthly income of less than 2000 birr. Conclusion: A higher prevalence of depression and anxiety was observed from the current study, whilst the level of stress is still higher. A higher monthly income was associated with the development of anxiety during the pandemic of COVID-19. Concerned bodies were recommended to work over the identified problems, besides; large scale study mainly focused on determinants of depression, anxiety, and stress was also emphasized.
    VL  - 6
    IS  - 6
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Department of Public Health, Unity University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

  • Department of Public Health, Universal Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

  • Department of Nursing, Universal Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

  • Department of Nursing, Universal Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

  • Department of Social and Population Health, Yekatit 12 Hospital Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

  • Department of Public Health, Universal Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

  • Department of Nursing, Universal Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

  • Department of Social and Population Health, Yekatit 12 Hospital Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

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