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Worldwide Prostate Cancer Epidemiology: Differences Between Regions, Races, and Awareness Programs

Received: 17 December 2015     Accepted: 23 December 2015     Published: 29 January 2016
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Abstract

Prostate cancer, according to the World Health Organization, is the second most common cause of cancer worldwide. With an estimated 1.1 million people affected by prostate cancer in 2012, composing 15% of all new cancer cases worldwide, this condition poses a significant burden of mortality and morbidity on society. Even though the burden of prostate cancer is present worldwide, there are disparities in mortality rates worldwide. While in Sub-Saharan Africa and Caribbean, the age-adjusted mortality rates are as high as 24 per 100,000, in Asia the age-adjusted mortality rates are as low 2.9 per 100,000. Specific countries in Sub-Saharan Africa like Uganda have a prostate cancer mortality rate as high as 38.8 per 100,000, which is close to the incidence rate of 48.2 per 100,000. Even though in the United Kingdom the incidence rate is much higher at 111.1 per 100,000, the mortality rate is comparable to that of Sub-Saharan Africa at 22.8 per 100,000. As demonstrated in this global review of prostate cancer, the age-adjusted incidence rate and mortality rate are closer together in Sub-Saharan Africa than in high income countries. Also, there are disparities in age-adjusted mortality rates of prostate cancer. There is plausibly a large gap in data on incidence and mortality rates of prostate cancer, leading to potential underreporting of incidence rates. There are also different awareness related gaps in developing and developed countries. Improved surveillance systems need to be established in order to improve early detection screening programs and prioritized interventions for evidence-based policy for prostate cancer in all countries.

Published in International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medical Sciences (Volume 2, Issue 1)
DOI 10.11648/j.ijcems.20160201.11
Page(s) 1-6
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2016. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Prostate Cancer, Incidence, Global Health, Sub-Saharan Africa, Gleason Score, Prostate Specific Antigen, Awareness

References
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Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Srikanta Banerjee, Aaron Kaviani. (2016). Worldwide Prostate Cancer Epidemiology: Differences Between Regions, Races, and Awareness Programs. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medical Sciences, 2(1), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcems.20160201.11

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    ACS Style

    Srikanta Banerjee; Aaron Kaviani. Worldwide Prostate Cancer Epidemiology: Differences Between Regions, Races, and Awareness Programs. Int. J. Clin. Exp. Med. Sci. 2016, 2(1), 1-6. doi: 10.11648/j.ijcems.20160201.11

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    AMA Style

    Srikanta Banerjee, Aaron Kaviani. Worldwide Prostate Cancer Epidemiology: Differences Between Regions, Races, and Awareness Programs. Int J Clin Exp Med Sci. 2016;2(1):1-6. doi: 10.11648/j.ijcems.20160201.11

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ijcems.20160201.11,
      author = {Srikanta Banerjee and Aaron Kaviani},
      title = {Worldwide Prostate Cancer Epidemiology: Differences Between Regions, Races, and Awareness Programs},
      journal = {International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medical Sciences},
      volume = {2},
      number = {1},
      pages = {1-6},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ijcems.20160201.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcems.20160201.11},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijcems.20160201.11},
      abstract = {Prostate cancer, according to the World Health Organization, is the second most common cause of cancer worldwide. With an estimated 1.1 million people affected by prostate cancer in 2012, composing 15% of all new cancer cases worldwide, this condition poses a significant burden of mortality and morbidity on society. Even though the burden of prostate cancer is present worldwide, there are disparities in mortality rates worldwide. While in Sub-Saharan Africa and Caribbean, the age-adjusted mortality rates are as high as 24 per 100,000, in Asia the age-adjusted mortality rates are as low 2.9 per 100,000. Specific countries in Sub-Saharan Africa like Uganda have a prostate cancer mortality rate as high as 38.8 per 100,000, which is close to the incidence rate of 48.2 per 100,000. Even though in the United Kingdom the incidence rate is much higher at 111.1 per 100,000, the mortality rate is comparable to that of Sub-Saharan Africa at 22.8 per 100,000. As demonstrated in this global review of prostate cancer, the age-adjusted incidence rate and mortality rate are closer together in Sub-Saharan Africa than in high income countries. Also, there are disparities in age-adjusted mortality rates of prostate cancer. There is plausibly a large gap in data on incidence and mortality rates of prostate cancer, leading to potential underreporting of incidence rates. There are also different awareness related gaps in developing and developed countries. Improved surveillance systems need to be established in order to improve early detection screening programs and prioritized interventions for evidence-based policy for prostate cancer in all countries.},
     year = {2016}
    }
    

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    AU  - Srikanta Banerjee
    AU  - Aaron Kaviani
    Y1  - 2016/01/29
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    DO  - 10.11648/j.ijcems.20160201.11
    T2  - International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medical Sciences
    JF  - International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medical Sciences
    JO  - International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medical Sciences
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    PB  - Science Publishing Group
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    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcems.20160201.11
    AB  - Prostate cancer, according to the World Health Organization, is the second most common cause of cancer worldwide. With an estimated 1.1 million people affected by prostate cancer in 2012, composing 15% of all new cancer cases worldwide, this condition poses a significant burden of mortality and morbidity on society. Even though the burden of prostate cancer is present worldwide, there are disparities in mortality rates worldwide. While in Sub-Saharan Africa and Caribbean, the age-adjusted mortality rates are as high as 24 per 100,000, in Asia the age-adjusted mortality rates are as low 2.9 per 100,000. Specific countries in Sub-Saharan Africa like Uganda have a prostate cancer mortality rate as high as 38.8 per 100,000, which is close to the incidence rate of 48.2 per 100,000. Even though in the United Kingdom the incidence rate is much higher at 111.1 per 100,000, the mortality rate is comparable to that of Sub-Saharan Africa at 22.8 per 100,000. As demonstrated in this global review of prostate cancer, the age-adjusted incidence rate and mortality rate are closer together in Sub-Saharan Africa than in high income countries. Also, there are disparities in age-adjusted mortality rates of prostate cancer. There is plausibly a large gap in data on incidence and mortality rates of prostate cancer, leading to potential underreporting of incidence rates. There are also different awareness related gaps in developing and developed countries. Improved surveillance systems need to be established in order to improve early detection screening programs and prioritized interventions for evidence-based policy for prostate cancer in all countries.
    VL  - 2
    IS  - 1
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Johns Hopkins School of Global Health, Baltimore, United States

  • Campbell Health and Education, Ontario, Canada

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